Introduction to Hardware
The term computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, as opposed to software, which refers to the operating system and programs that run on it. The first commercially successful personal computer — the Apple II — was introduced in 1977. A lot has changed since then, but the basic components of today's computer hardware remain strikingly similar to that of personal computers built decades ago. The key hardware components are:
CPU – CPU stands for central processing unit; it is the core of your computer. It performs the calculations, allocates memory, and coordinates the activities of all software that runs on it.
RAM – Random access memory is used by the CPU; the more RAM available, the more tasks the CPU can handle at one time. Adding RAM to a computer is one of the least expensive ways to boost performance.
Hard Drive – The hard drive stores your operating system files, computer applications, and the files you create with applications.
CD and DVD Drives – Useful for playback of videos, for creating data backup, and playing music and movies; these drives are standard on almost all new computers and can also be purchased as external devices.
Input Devices – The keyboard and mouse are input devices; they send signals to the CPU, which then sends those signals on to the operating system and applications telling them what to do.
Display Devices – The most common display device is the monitor. Monitors can be built-in on laptops and all-in-one computers, or they can be external.
Visit the TechSoup Learning Center for more information about hardware components, as well as tips on choosing new hardware, upgrading an existing computer, or accepting computer donations.
